Introduction
Forage
fodder has a very
important meaning to the lives of
ruminants. the availability of Forage
is strongly influenced by seasonal
factors. The dry season that
struck the country of Indonesia became
the main factor that causes stockpile the feed of forage
crop for ruminants is limited, plant growth is disturbed, quantity and quality of the
forage decreases, in some area forage plants cease to grow or oven die. Animal
performance in dry season is poor because quality of forage is poor too. At rain
fall season the forage have high production. For availability forage during the
year, needed technology of stroge and preservation forage with nutrition of
quality almost same. Silage one of technology have purpose for preservation
forage, till amount forage as sources of fiber feed is sufficient.
Fermentation Lactic acids at Silage
The Fermentation can increase availability of nutrient
such as protein , energy, with process break down complex component into simple
component (Kompiang et al. 1994). Fermentation is the process biological for
convertion complex structure thus be simple structure, till the digestibility
of livestock more efficient (Hanafi, 2008). Silage is Feed of forage
preservation with anaerobic fermentation process, have moisture 40-70%. Result
of silage can be stored without break down nutrition essential in containing of
forage.
Stefani et al. (2010), The ensiling process can be divided
into 4 stage: aerobic phase, fermentation phase, stable phase, and feed out
phase or aerobic spoilage phase.to avoid failures, it is important to control
and optimize each phase of the ensiling process. In aerobic phase, good silo
filling tehniques will help to minimize the amount of oxygen present between
the plant particles in the silo. Good harvesting techniques combined with good
silo filling tehniques will thus minimize water soluble carbohydrate (WSC)
losses through aerobic respiration in the field and in the silo, and in turn
will leave more WSC available for lactic acid fermentation in fermentation
phase.
The quality of silage depends on the speed of
fermentation process resulting lactic acid till depresses pH to approximately 4,
at wich point baterial pathogens growth is inhibited. Using additive silage
often used to supporting enhancement accumulation lactic acid at ensiling.
Various of additive silage can be devided 2 group: fermentation stimulant and
fermentation inhibitor.
Factor affecting of lactic acids productions: amount
inoculum, time of incubation, amount substrat, type of plant and treatment
before ensiling. Amount inoculum, adding lactic acids bacteria to ensiling Pennicetum purphoides can be improve
quality silage with shown decrease pH and concentration N-NH3 significantly, and increase lactic acids from
Fleigh value significantly than control.
Antaribaba et
al. (2009), adding lactic acids with doses 3% (v/b) resulting silage
quality more better than 2 and 4 % (v/b).
The
Production of lactic acids which yielded with addition lactic acid inoculums
more better than without addition inoculums. R0 (without inoculums), R1
(inoculums 2%), R2 (inoculums 3%), R3 (inoculums 4%). Concentration of VFA
composing acetic, propionic, butyric
acid representative of it isn’t
efficiency fermentation or secunder fermentation.
Amount lactic acid bacteria at early
time of incubation as importance factor can be determine for resulting quality
of silage (Santoso et al.,2008). Population
of lactic acid bacteria must be measured for efficiency fermentation, till many
of research have purpose to looking for doses adding lactic acid in ensiling.
Native population lactic acid there are forage, but various quantity. Concept of adding lactic acid bacteria to
improve growth of lactic acid homofermentation can be producing lactic acid for
decrease pH. Basic charactersitic of inoculums lactic acid for using in
ensiling are can be adaptation in substrat with high moisture, can be
adaptation temperature of environment, tolerant with acids condition, producing
bacteriocyn, and have role as probiotic.
Time of incubation. Period of fermentation is one of
importance factor to establish the time of feed out from silo. Thalib et al. (2000), using inoculums from buffalo rumens, quality of
straw silage at anaerobic condition during 2 week have criteria as good silage
Amount of substrat.
Ensiling is fermentation of glucose for converting to lactic acid, in there
process have needed glucose as substrat (Water soluble carbohydrate). Minimum
amount of water soluble carbohydrate to supporting fermentation process worked
is approximately 3-4% Dry Matter. Species of tropical forage have low content
of WSC until for reaching WSC becoming is very suggested.
Literature cited
Antaribaba, M. A., N. K. Tero, B. T. Hariadi, dan B. Santoso. 2009. Pengaruh taraf inokulum bakteri asam laktat dari ekstrak rumput terfermentasi terhadap kualitas fermentasi silase rumput raja. JITV Vol 14(4):278-283.
Hanafi, N.D. 2008. Teknologi Pengawetan Pakan Ternak. Departemen Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Kompiang, L.P., J. Dharma, T. Purwadaria, A. Sinurat, dan
Supriyati. 1994. Protein enrichment: Study cassava enrichment melalui bioproses
biologi untuk ternak monogastrik. Kumpulan Hasil-Hasil Penelitian APBN Tahun
Anggaran 1993/1994. Balai Penelitian Ternak. Ciawi, Bogor.
Santoso, B., B. T. Hariadi, H. Manik, dan H. Abubakar. 2008. Kualitas rumput unggul tropika hasil ensilase dengan bakteri asam laktat dari ekstrak rumput terfermentasi. Media peternakan Vol 32(2):137-144.
Stefani, J. W. H., F. Driehuis, J. C. Gottschal, and
S. F. Spoelstra. 2010. Silage
fermentation processes and their manipulation: 6-33. Electronic conference on
tropical silage. Food Agriculture Organization.
Thalib, A., J. Bestary., Y.widyawati, dan D. Suherman.
2000. Pengaruh perlakuan silase jerami padi dengan mikrobia rumen kerbau
terhadap daya cerna dan ekosistem rumen sapi. JITTV Vol 5(1): 276-281
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